INTRODUCTION

Sand is generally mixed with Cement and Water to form concrete these sand particles should be hard and inert with respect to cement continuous usages of river sand river beds condition is day by day deteriorating and threatening environmental disaster this situation has forced the State Government to ban sand mining in many rivers and also to enforce stringent restrictions this action has resulted deficiencies in this material supply on the other hand the construction industry is in a constant state of flutter these days this scarcity has forced the profit motivated supply on the other hand the construction industry is in a constant state of flutter these days this scarcity has forced the profit motivated sand brokers to adulterate river sand with cheap sea sand and sell in high price the short supplies of sand ban on further excavation and high price have forced us produce a suitable substitute.

The sedimentary rocks particularly medium grain size lime stone and sand stones are perfectly suitable as safe sand substitute sand stone containing gypsum is to be ignored as substitute metamorphic rocks in general are more satisfactory as aggregate than sedimentary rocks of corresponding composition the following metamorphic rocks egresses slates quartzite and marbles are satisfactory for sand substitutes gneisses rocks are generally touch durable rocks with low porosity and are therefore satisfactory as aggregate materials Quartzite composed dominantly of quartz grains are generally dense and tough with so low a porosity that they make very satisfactory sand substitutes this is a superior substitute of river sand this is because the cementious material between the grains is relatively so small in a mount that even when it is composed of platy minerals no facility results send produced form Igneous rocks contains lot of deleterious materials and moreover it is highly porous it is reported by many masons that more water and greater skill are needed to prepare concrete mix or plaster mix this high addition of water will in turn affect the strength of the concreting it is therefore proposed to set up a Quartz stone crushing unit instead of igneous rocks sand produced from this rock will meet the requirement of the usury and gradually it will become more popular in the construction industry the demand for river sand and illegal sand mining would come down .

MARKET POTENTIAL

Due to the increase of population &living standards, the demand for this product is multiplying in every year. present supply of production is meeting only about 20% of the demand if all the crusher units of the state start manufacturing machine made sand as an additional venture then also it could meet only about 50- 60% of the requirement looking into the stringent state government policy on sand excavation and the constant fluttering state of construction industries and short supply of machine made sand it would be highly appropriate to set up some machine made sand units in this state the product of the new units could easily be accommodated in the present un saturated market at present the existing sand manufacturers are producing sand like materials form granite stone and people are facing difficulties while plastering work the concrete mix needs more water in the mix this is due to high porous nature of the stone it is a fact that for better strength and durability of cement concrete quality basic parameters of rocks play vital role the metamorphic rock as suggested in the introduction above could be an ideal choice against granite rock in substituting the river sand if the sands are made by using metamorphic rock it is sure that the machine made sand will soon establish its presence in construction industries and side by side the demand of river sand will roll and will bring back the smiles on the faces of both the environmentalists and the industries.

BASIC & PRESUMPTIONS:

The efficiency of the Plant has been considered at 80% of the installed capacity. The units should achieve a production of 50%, 60% and 70% in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of operation but the whole calculation is made at full capacity utilization of the plant. Labour and wages have been taken as per minimum wages prescribed by the authorities or more as per the market trend. An average rate of interest in taken on 18% for the working and fixed capital requirement.
The unit will operate in single shift. The unit will operate in single shift initially afterwards in two shifts at least and the unit will run for 25 days in a month. 05% irrecoverable loss has been assumed during crushing

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:

It is possible to implement this project within 6 months. The following is the time schedule required for implementation

TECHNICAL ASPECTS:

Process of manufacture

The process of manufacture will consist the following, after receiving the raw Materials are as below:

Quality Control and Standards

The rock used shall be free from laminas lime base relapse of gypsums varlets off dry minerals seriate Biotype mica large crystals of pyrite minerals the non availability of these contaminants are to be established using petrography microscope the contaminants lead the concrete an early failure either in the form of crack development or water seepage . Besides these contaminants the other physical parameters e.g. Shape of grains bulk density porosity and crystalline of sand like particles play important role in durability of concrete

Production Capacity (per annum): Qty.: 27,000 MTs. And Value of: Rs. 60, 75,000

Motive Power: 80 HP.

Pollution Control:

The product creates noise & air pollution. Hence, necessary clearance from PCB is to be taken. Mouth masks can be used by the workers while crushing the stone as a precaution.

Energy Conservation

General precautions saving energy particularly, the electricity is required to be followed by adopting energy conservation techniques not only to conserve the power but also to save considerable expenditure on their consumption in own interest.

FINANCIAL ASPECTS:
Fixed Capital

(i) Land and building

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS

WORKING CAPITAL
Recurring expenditure per month
i) Staff & Labour

ii) Raw material and consumable

iii) Utilities

iv) Other contingent expenses

Total Capital Investment

Financial analysis

Total Turn over per annum

Net Profit Ratio

     = Net Profit per year x 100 / Sales turnover per year
     = 11.97/60.75
     = 14.3 %

Rate of Return  
     = Net Profit per year x 100 / Total Capital investment
     = 17.7%

Break Even Point :
    Fixed Cost per year x 100 / Fixed Cost + profit
    a) Total Depreciation                                                          2,90,750
    b) Interest on total Capital Investment                                 8,83,440
    c) 40% of salaries & wages and other contingent expenses  2,07,600
    d) 40% of other contingent expenses                                     99,360
    Total Fixed Cost                                                              14,81,150

Break Even Point
             = Fixed Cost x 100
             = 14,81,150x 100
             = 14,81,150x 100

Fixed Cost +Net Profit
             14,81,150+8,68,810
             23,49,960
              = 63 %

NAMES & ADDRESSES OF MACHINE & EQUPIMENT SUPPLIERS